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Product Details
- Product Number
- 116734
- Series
- GIP-103
- Scale
- NO SCALE
- Alternate ID
- GIP-103
- ISBN
- 978-1-4113-2776-4
- Authors
- PETER FRENZEN
- Version Date
- 01/01/2010
- Regions
- WA
- Countries
- USA
Additional Details
- Description
-
Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens
1-During the past 4,000 years, Mount St. Helens has erupted more frequently than any other volcano in the Cascade Range.
2-Most of Mount St. Helens is younger than 3,000 years old (younger than the pyramids of Egypt).
3-Some Native American names that refer to smoke at the volcano include- Lawala Clough, Low-We- Lat-Klah, Low-We-Not- Thlat, Loowit, Loo-wit, Loo-wit Lat-kla, and Louwala-Clough.
4-3,600 years ago--Native Americans abandoned hunting grounds devastated by an enormous eruption four times larger than the May 18, 1980 eruption.
5-1792--Captain George Vancouver named the volcano for Britain's ambassador to Spain, Alleyne Fitzherbert, also known as Baron St. Helens.
6-1975--U.S. Geological Survey geologists forecasted that Mount St. Helens would erupt again, "possibly before the end of the century." 7-March 20, 1980--A magnitude 4.2 earthquake signaled the reawakening of the volcano after 123 years.
8-Spring 1980--Rising magma pushed the volcano's north flank outward 5 feet per day.
9-Morning of May 18, 1980--The largest terrestrial landslide in recorded history reduced the summit by 1,300 feet and triggered a lateral blast.
10-Within 3 minutes, the lateral blast, traveling at more than 300 miles per hour, blew down and scorched 230 square miles of forest.
11-Within 15 minutes, a vertical plume of volcanic ash rose over 80,000 feet.
12-Afternoon of May 18, 1980--The dense ash cloud turned daylight into darkness in eastern Washington, causing streetlights to turn on in Yakima and Ritzville.
13-The volcanic ash cloud drifted east across the United States in 3 days and encircled Earth in 15 days.
14-Lahars (volcanic mudflows) filled rivers with rocks, sand, and mud, damaging 27 bridges and 200 homes and forcing 31 ships to remain in ports upstream.
15-The May 18, 1980 eruption was the most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
16-Small plants and trees beneath winter snow, and roots protected by soil, survived the May 18, 1980 eruption and now thrive.
17-Thousands of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and millions of hatchery fingerlings perished in the eruption.
18-Late May 1980--Wind-dispersed spiders and scavenging beetles were among the first animals to return to the Mount St. Helens area.
19-The landscape devastated by the eruption has evolved into a rich and diverse habitat for plants and animals.
20-Effects of the May 18, 1980 eruption continue today. Biologists help wild salmon and steelhead by giving them a tank-truck ride to the pristine, clear creeks above sediment-choked rivers.
21-Late spring through fall 1980--Explosive eruptions on May 25, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16-18 rocked Mount St. Helens and sent ash to distant communities.
22-1982--Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established for all to observe both the awesome destruction and the remarkable recovery of plants and animals.
23-October 1980 to 1986-- Over the course of 17 episodes, lava eruptions began filling the crater, building a lava dome that reached 876 feet above the crater floor.
24-Since 1986, snow and rock accumulating in the deep, shaded crater formed Crater Glacier, the youngest glacier on Earth.
25-September 2004--Mount St. Helens reawakened, and it erupted continuously until January 2008.
26-October 2004 to January 2008--Growing lava domes displaced and then divided Crater Glacier into east and west lobes. The ice lobes moved downslope as fast as 6 feet per day, converging below the lava dome a little more than three years later.
27-During the 2004 to 2008 eruptions--Mount St. Helens settled one half inch due to magma withdrawal beneath the volcano.
28-The Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument that detected the settling of Mount St. Helens can detect movement of as little as 1/16 of an inch and uses less power than a refrigerator lightbulb.
29-During the 1980 to 1986 and the 2004 to 2008 eruptions--Lava oozed onto the crater floor, building domes taller than the Empire State Building and restoring 7 percent of the volume lost in 1980.
30-Mount St. Helens remains a world-famous natural laboratory for the study of Earth's processes and also nature's response to catastrophe.
- Height In Inches
- 33.000
- Length In Inches
- 24.000